The
Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol
in the Internet Protocol Suite for relaying datagram across network boundaries.
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label
assigned to each device in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol
for communication. There exist two versions of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6. The
IP provides unreliable, connection less, best-effort delivery services, where as
TCP provides reliable, efficient and cost effective end-to-end delivery of
data.
IPv4 ADDRESSES
An IPv4 address is a
32-bit address that uniquely the connection of a device to the Internet.
The address space (An address space is the total number of addresses used by
the protocol) of IPv4 is 2^32or 4,294,967,296.
There are two
notations to show an IPv4 address: binary notation and dotted decimal notation.
In binary notation, the IPv4 address is displayed as 32 bits or simply a 4-byte
address. To read easily IP address are usually written in decimal form with a
decimal point separating the bytes.
For example:
Decimal representation
172.16.254.1
Classful addressing
In classful addressing, the address space is divided
into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. We
can find the class of an address, when given the address in binary notation or
dotted-decimal notation. The following figure helps you to class of an IP
address. If we have dotted-decimal notation then first part of the address is
used to determine the class. If we have given address in binary form then first
few bits can used to determine the class of the address.
 |
| Classes and range of IP address |
Some IP addresses are
reserved for private use that can be used to setup networks without
registration. Those are given below
10.0.0.0 to
10.255.255.255 total number 2^24
172.16.0.0 to
172.31.255.255 total number 2^20
192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.255 total number 2^16
Some other important IP
addresses are,
0.0.0.0
used to represent
“this host”
0000-------hostID a host on this network
11111111.1111111.11111111.11111111 Broadcast on this network
127.anything Loopback
(eg: 127.0.0.1)
Next : IPv6
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