Thursday, 24 January 2013

Shannon Capacity and Nyquist Bit Rate

The rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication channel, under given conditions, is referred as the channel capacity.
There exist two formulas for calculate theoretical maximum data rate. Nyquist bit rate for noiseless channel and Shannon capacity for noisy channel.

Nyquist Bit Rate

The Nyquist bit rate formula is use to calculate the theoretical maximum bit rate.
                                  Bit rate=2*bandwidth*log2L
Where bandwidth is the bandwidth of the channel, ‘L’ is the signal level used to represent data.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
To calculate theoretical bit rate for noisy channel we need to consider signal to noise ratio of that channel. The signal to noise ratio is defined as

                      
SNR=average signal power/average noise power

A high SNR means the signal is less corrupted by noise and a low SNR means the signal is more corrupted. Because the signal to noise ratio is the ratio of two powers, usually the SNR is described in decibel unit.
SNRdb=10log10SNR

Shannon Capacity

To determine the theoretical highest data rate  for a noisy channel, we can use Shannon capacity.

Capacity= bandwidth * log2(1+SNR)

When SNR is very high, we can use the following formula for calculate highest data rate,
Capacity = bacdwidth * SNRdb/3

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